[14] Moreover, an Alid uprising took place in 912 at the hands of Ibn al-Rida, a descendant of 10th Imam Ali al-Hadi, in the nearby Damascene countryside against the Abbasid governor of Damascus. Ibn al-Rida was eventually defeated and killed in battle near Damascus and his head was paraded in Baghdad. "The Metoualis are almost annihilated due to their revolts; their name is soon to be extinct".[32]. [36], After violence subsided, Mehmed Fuad Pasha appointed the Shiite leader Ali al-As'ad to a commission to investigate the causes of the civil war, and put him in charge of maintaining order in eastern Lebanon, around Damascus and in Hauran. Further east, the Bekaa valley was known as Amqu in the Bronze Age, and was part of Amorite kingdom of Qatna and later Amurru kingdom, and had local city-states such as Eniasi. And in most Middle Eastern countries, concern about extremism has increased in the past year. [17], Some of the primary accounts for Lebanon are relayed by Al-Maqdisi (c. 966985) and Nasir Khusraw. [12], The spread of Shia Islam in Lebanon and the Levant was a complex, multi-layered process throughout history. The Israel-Sunni alliance - The Jerusalem Post Got a question about todays news? They include persons with surnames of Bhatt, Mir, Wage, Malik, Dev, Wani, Ganai, Dar, . lebanese sunni surnames Is Afghanistan considered Arab? [19], Further east in the Bekaa valley, sources are scarce and generally uninformative. Only by this can you face the conspiracy and put an end to the civil strife.[36]. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. As a result of his policies, Shiites held a meeting at Chehour village to organise guerrilla attacks against him, which continued throughout his rule. Hashem (Arabic origin) meaning "crusher". There are over fifteen different officially recognised religious sects in Lebanon. Due to official persecution by the Sunni Zengid dynasty that stoked escalating sectarian clashes with Sunnis, many Isma'ilis in the regions of Damascus and Aleppo are said to have fled west during the 12th century. Is True Religion made in Mexico? However, Beirut became the only fully Latin speaking city in the whole east. According to contemporary chronicler Ibn Tulun, many Shiites had come to join the battle. Protect their lives and possessions as you do to your own. Lebanese Sunni have accused security forces of heavy-handed tactics By Lina Sinjab BBC News, Tripoli, Lebanon Sitting in a dark corner of a poorly furnished apartment in the Bab al-Tabbaneh. The years-long siege of Tripoli and the brutal aftermath of its fall caused an influx outside of Tripoli. Many Southerners went to Syria to participate, whereas in the Beqaa Valley battle spread to the Qalamoun Mountains and Akroum, where according to eye-witness accounts Shiites took more than 400 rifles and fifty horses as booty from French forces. Trn y l tng hp nhng con l c nhiu anh ch em ca website soi cu hay chn chi nht trong ngy hm nay, con s cng ng u th n cng c nhiu ngi tham gia chi nht v gim dn theo tng con s. Other names cant be linked to one sect or the other: Youll find plenty of Muslims from both camps named after Mohammed or his daughter Fatima. It is ironic that Lebanon's Sunni population, long ascendant in that region and identified with the governing powers since the days of the Umayyads (c. 661 C.E.) 'A declaration of war': tensions in Lebanon's Khalde after Hezbollah However, in a country that had last census in 1932, it is difficult to have correct population estimates. The difference in dress code is even more obvious among clerics. "[51] With the Ja'fari shar'ia courts in practice, the Shia community was deliberately encouraged to "practice sectarianism" on a daily basis. [37][25] Following Egyptian defeat in 1840, the Ottomans deposed the Shihab dynasty[37] and rewarded al-Mahmoud by restoring the autonomy of the Shiites until 1865, when Jabal Amil was incorporated into Syria vilayet and came under direct Ottoman rule. There are 64 Maronite Maseehi members registered in Sahel Alma (Kessrouan). [36] Following the Syrian National Congress in 2 July 1919, when Shiites restated their support for Syrian unity, Maronites increased their armed activities against the Shiites. shia surnames in pakistan - legal-innovation.com Tripoli's second qadi Jalal al-Mulk invested large sums in turning the city a famous center for learning, founding a "House of Knowledge" that attracted scholars, as well as a notable library of reportedly 100,000 volumes. A very pious Sunni man in Iraq may wear a long beard, and a pious Sunni woman might cover her face except for the eyes. Sunni | Definition, Beliefs, & Practices | Britannica [17] Sunni Muslims constitute 27% of Lebanon's population, according to a 2012 estimate. First names could give a clue, given the history of the sectarian split. In addition to their different narrative of Islam, the Ottomans suspected Shias of being a stalking horse for the Safavids, and often derogatorily referred to them as Qizilbash. The Christians (Nasara) are your brethren in the country and in destiny. lebanese sunni surnames 27 febrero, 2023 . [12] The Sunnis recognize the first four caliphs as the Prophet Muhammad's rightful successors . On the other hand, the official recognition of legal and religious Shiite institutions by the French authorities strengthened a sectarian awareness within the Shia community. [9], During Roman rule, Aramaic became the lingua franca of the entire Levant and Lebanon, replacing spoken Phoenician on the coast, while Greek was used as language of administration, education and trading. In Jabal Amel the situation was more sporadic and less intense, with Shiites allied with Druzes against Christian villagers, or acting on their own. [77] Starting in 1921 from a mere 17.2% (104,947 of 609,069), the population almost doubled to 32% by 1988 (1,325,000 of 4,044,784), with a total increase of around 1,200%,[77] the highest of any major community. During that time, Husam ad-Din ruled over Toron, Banias and Chastel Neuf, giving him control of the road from Damascus to Tyre road which were of utmost importance in blocking any Frankish attempt at reconquest. In addition, Abdul-Husayn Sharafeddine expressed solidarity with the Palestinian strike and demand for independence. Modern Muslims in Lebanon thus do not seem to have a significant genetic influence from the Crusaders, who probably introduced this common Western European marker to the extant Christian populations of the Levant when they were active in the region from 1096 until around the turn of the 14th century. He also took part in the punitive campaigns against Chouf in 16134, and married his son to Fakhreddine's daughter. Ansari - Meaning, People, Religion, Caste, History | WebConte [40], Following the official declaration of the French Mandate of Greater Lebanon (Le Grand Liban) in September 1920, anti-French riots broke out in the predominantly Shia areas of Jabal Amil and the Beqaa Valley. lebanese sunni surnames - aragonacapital.com For example: Salman Khan, Mohammed Ismail, Syed Irshad, Sadiq Baig. Christian, Sunni And Shia: Meet Hezbollah's Non-Denominational Military The Lebanese coast was mainly inhabited by Phoenician Canaanites throughout the Bronze and Iron ages, who built the cities of Tyre, Sidon, Byblos and Tripoli, which was founded as a center of a confederation between Aradians, Sidonians, and Tyrians. Later in 1921, this period of unrest ended with a political amnesty offered by the French mandate authorities for all Shiites who had joined the riots, with the intention to bind the Shia community in the South of Lebanon to the new Mandate state. 38. Chief among them was Muhaqqiq al-Karaki, from Karak Nuh in the Bekaa valley, who achieved limitless power during the reign of Shah Tahmasp I such that the Shah told him, You are the real king and I am just one of your agents". where do you file a complaint against a hospital; failure to pay full time and attention va code; bones angela and hodgins in jail; mirabella svadobny salon dubnica nad vahom [84] Other haplogroups present among Lebanese Shia include E1b1b (17%), G-M201 (10%), R1b, and T-L206 occurring at smaller, but significant rates. According to al-Maqdisi, half of the population of the towns of Hunin and Qadas were Shia Muslims, while Shiites were the majority in Amman and Tiberias adjacent to Jabal Amel. top 20 most powerful greek gods; defenders with leadership trait fifa 21; aventon pace 350 amazon; logan paul apology text i have made a severe; chicago police department disqualifiers administrative office of the courts human resources lebanese sunni surnames. Lebanon: Sunni Muslims enraged by Shi'ite videos criticizing Aisha From 1385, much of Jabal Amel and Safed was ruled by the Shia Bechara family, the descendants of Husam ad-Din Bechara. How Can Sunnis and Shiites Tell Each Other Apart? - Slate Magazine Explainer thanks Susan Dakak, Masoud Kazemzadeh, and Zainab al-Suwaij. What happened should be written in gold. According to the CIA World Factbook, Shia Muslims constituted an estimated 31% of Lebanon's population in 2022.[1]. [28] In 1693, the newly-ordained grand vizier Ali Pasha set about organizing a massive new campaign against the Hamadas, committing 20,000 troops to coordinate and annihilate the Shiites and Ahmad Ma'n, who was accused of "supporting the accursed Qizilbash". BEIRUT/AMMAN (Reuters) - A club of former Lebanese prime ministers said on Sunday they endorsed the choice of another former premier, Najib Mekati, to form a new government in yet another attempt. Sworn Frenemies: Sunni-Shiite Conflict and Cooperation Aqqush's army of 50,000 advanced and encircled Keserwan from four sides, and was confronted by an estimated 4,000 infantrymen on the Shiites' behalf. However, the girls' school did not last long due to financial difficulties and traditional views, prompting Sayyid Sharafeddine to transfer the girls and teach them in his own home. Congratulations on your election victory, distinguished MPs!! Each sect has its own call to prayer with slightly different language and timing. Prior their alliance, Zahir backed the Shiites in a battle against the Shihabis in 1750, when the latter were routed and defeated. A man named Omar, Abu Bakr, or Yazid would almost certainly be a Sunni, since these names correspond to the opponents of the first imams and the major villains of Shiite history. Thus, the Shia oppression in Lebanon was a marriage of politics and religion. shia surnames in pakistan - legal-innovation.com Sunni, Arabic Sunn, member of one of the two major branches of Islam, the branch that consists of the majority of that religion's adherents. (Yazid, for example, is said to have assassinated Hussein.) [28] When civil strife and siege ignited between Mamluk governors in Damascus in 1497, In the Levant, the Qarmatians were ordered to be stamped out by the ruling Fatimid, themselves Isma'ilis and from whom the lineage of the modern Nizari Aga Khan is claimed to descend. Sheikh Ahmad Rifai was the imam of a . [41] [36], After the revolt, the region experienced a decade or so of political stability. Lebanese Sunni cleric 'killed by family members' shia surnames in pakistan [28] In 1686, a joint Hamada-Harfush force defeated and drove Ottoman forces of Sidon and Tripoli and their allies out of Keserwan, who had encamped in the region earlier, leaving Jbeil susceptible to attack. On the other hand, only 4.7% of all Lebanese Muslims belong to haplogroup R1b, compared to 9.6% of Lebanese Christians. During Saladin's siege of Beaufort castle, military units from Jabal Amel, likely those of Husam ad-Din Bishara, came to his aid and replaced his forces as he marched to repel a crusader invasion of Acre. *. situs link alternatif kamislot The name "Sunni" is derived from the phrase "Ahl al-Sunnah", or "People of the Tradition". There are Shiite and Sunni regions and neighborhoods in Iraq, and members of small communities may know the religious affiliations of their neighbors. Post author: Post published: junho 10, 2022 Post category: cypress if element is visible Post comments: are baby wipes fsa eligible 2021 are baby wipes fsa eligible 2021 Officially, the country's policy has been to host them until the war in the . [52] The seven villages are Qadas, Nabi Yusha, al-Malikiyya, Hunin, Tarbikha, Abil al-Qamh, and Saliha. By the late 17th century, the family controlled a territory that stretched from Safita and Krak des Chevaliers in Syria to Keserwan, virtually most of northern Lebanon. Dig into and choose from MomJunction's treasure of 70,000+ baby names that are divided based on meaning, religion, origin, English alphabet, and gender. Once far more numerous and widespread in many areas now part of Lebanon, the Isma'ili population has largely vanished over time. The Underlying Factors of Lebanon's Sunni Radicalization Some of the influencers of Lebanese culture are Phoenicians, Assyrians, Romans, Ottoman Turks, Greeks, Persians, Arabs, and the French. [58] They are recognized as one of the 18 official Lebanese sects, and due to the efforts of an Alawite leader Ali Eid, the Taif Agreement of 1989 gave them two reserved seats in the Parliament. This tradition makes it more likely that a man named Ali, Hassan, or Hussein would be a Shiite. [63], The syncretic beliefs of the Qarmatians, typically classed as an Isma'ili splinter sect with Zoroastrian influences, spread into the area of the Beqaa valley and possibly also Jabal Shuf starting in the 9th century. This neglectance continued into the early days of the French mandate. shia surnames in pakistan Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid killed one of the city's Alid notables in 903 for alleged Qarmatian sympathies. But Sunni bitterness toward Hezbollah runs deeper. [25] In 1384, the Mamluks also executed Muhammad Jamaluddin al-Makki al-Amili, the head of the community at the time and most prominent scholar, after falsely charging him of being a ghulat and promoting Nusayri doctrines.[27]. Sharafeddine understood that sectarian hostility only gave purpose for French military presence in the area, and thus called for the protection of the Christians in the conference of Wadi al-Hujayr on 24 April 1920. Ansari is an arabic word which the means ' Those Who Support '. True religion made in mexico | Models-art.ru [36] When the Great Syrian Revolt broke out in 1925, rebellion once again broke out but this time it was ineffective. Genealogical DNA testing has shown that 21.3% of Lebanese Muslims (non-Druze) belong to the Y-DNA haplogroup J1 compared with non-Muslims at 17%. [12], After Kitbuqa took Baalbek in 1260, many Shias refused the newly imposed Mongol authority. Maronites, Rum Christians, Protestant Christians etc. Once again in 1195, Husam ad-Din and his forces fought off a Frankish siege at Toron. Many Muslims, seemingly predominantly Shiites, were killed or departed for the interior, who were replaced by tens of thousands of Franks through several decades. [13], With the arrival of the First Crusade, Tripoli and Tyre initially resisted crusaders and paid tribute to prevent further conflict, which only proved temporary. Between 16391649, Ali al-Saghirs seized most of Jabal Amel after defeating other rival families, cementing their role as the sole leaders of the region. south bend fire department news. What was Afghanistan called in ancient times? The agreement restored their autonomy and granted a general amnesty for all Shiite rebels previously active against al-Jazzar and his forces, as well as a compensation for their losses after the battle of Yaroun, and granted the community the right to solve their internal problems without interference from the Ottoman governor. 556 Sunni members registered in Beirut (Msaytbeh, Mazraa, Bachoura), Saida (Maksar el-Abd, Wastani, Dekerman, Qanayi, Kinan), and Ketermaya (Chouf). [43] While several Shia educational institutions were established before and at the beginning of the mandate period, they often ran out of support and funding which resulted in their abolishment. The Iturean Kingdom of Chalcis became vassal state of the Romans after they consolidated their rule over most of the Levant in 64 BC, and at their peak they managed to impose control on much of the Phoenician coast and Galilee including southern Lebanon, until the Romans fully incorporated them in 92 CE. Unlike the Druze, the Shiite emirs were regularly denounced for their religious identity and persecuted as Qizilbash heretics per Ebussuud Efendi's definitions. Haplogroup J2 is also a significant marker in throughout Lebanon (27%). [34] The duo's first decisive battle took place in Lake Huleh in 1771, when the 10,000-strong Ottoman army of Uthman Pasha al-Kurji was virtually annihilated by the duo's forces; about 300-500 Ottoman soldiers survived the battle, and Uthman Pasha returned to Damascus with only 3 of his soldiers. Though little is known about Husam ad-Din's life, he was apparently a close friend of Saladin's son Al-Afdal who later converted to Shia Islam. Many Christians who fled their villages during the revolt were accommodated by Shia notables from Nabatieh and Bint Jbeil, an act that was appreciated by Christian clergies in letters. [80] Genetic studies have shown that there are no significant genetic differences between Lebanese Muslims and non-Muslims. (The text on Shiite mosques, for example, will mention the imams.) Love, Poverty And War: Journeys And Essays [PDF] [5qkamljh8p80] - vdoc.pub [67] In the mid-1980s, several hundred Isma'ilis were thought to still live in a few communities scattered across several parts of Lebanon. lebanese sunni surnamesinchkeith house mental health team Consultation Request a Free Consultation Now. Malik, Maleek, Malek or Malyk (Arabic: or ) is a given name and surname. On the other hand, Tyre successfully resisted a major siege in 1112 with the help of Toghtekin and infantry from Jabal Amel, but fell to the Venetian Crusade in 1124. Sunni Islam in Lebanon has a history of more than a millennium. In 1598, as war broke out again between the Ottomans and Safavids, the Ottomans further appointed Fakhreddine over sanjak of Safed, which gave him direct control over the pro-Safavid Shiites. In social terms, Tripoli and Tyre experienced a drastic upheaval with the crusader conquests. lifeguard air ambulance new mexico . Lebanese Sunni cleric 'killed by family members' Note that the following percentages are estimates only. Lebanese Shia Muslims - Wikipedia There are also Druze, Ismai li and Alawi/Nusayri minorities. [10][11][12] After independence from France, their co-religionists, the Assad family, came to power in Syria in 1970.[13]. During the revolt in 1938, the French requested British Royal Air Force support during their operations against insurgents in Bint Jbeil and South. Despite signing a letter offering submission to Selim I in 1516, the Harfushes' initial relationship with their new masters seems to have been problematic when the governor of Syria, Janbirdi al-Ghazali, executed Shia chief Ibn Harfush as a rebel in 1518, contemporarily evicting them from the deputyship of Baalbek. [68] Though they are nominally counted among the 18 officially-recognised sects under modern Lebanese law,[69] they currently have no representation in state functions[70] and continue to lack personal status laws for their sect, which has led to increased conversions to established sects to avoid the perpetual inconveniences this produces. Amid all this conflict, how can Shiites and Sunnis tell each other apart? [15] This transformation likely started following the demise of the Umayyads in 750, when the Emesene Shia poet Abd al-Salam al-Homsi (777850 CE) figures first. Politicians, Diplomats, and Public Servants, the Lebanese National Bloc political party, International Religious Freedom Report 2008, Y-Chromosomal Diversity in Lebanon Is Structured by Recent Historical Events, "Lebanon's Sheikhs Take on Assad and Hezbollah", Minorities in the Middle East: a history of struggle and self-expression, Syria's war ignites sectarian strife in Lebanon, "2012 Report on International Religious Freedom - Lebanon", "Contemporary distribution of Lebanon's main religious groups", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lebanese_Sunni_Muslims&oldid=1142332895, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 20:43. [36], During the 19361939 Arab revolt in Palestine, Southerners had a key role in providing ammunition and assistance to the Palestinian rebels, and the revolt was in fact co-administered from Bint Jbeil. "[4], Genealogical DNA testing has shown that 27,7% of Lebanese Muslims (non-Druze) belong to the Y-DNA haplogroup J1. Shiite holy men wear either a black or a white turban (depending on their lineage) and a robe. The Shiites resented the Shihabi-Egyptian alliance, and assumed a central role in the efforts of expelling the Egyptians from Syria. According to a CIA 2018 study, Lebanese Sunni Muslims constitute an estimated 30.6% of Lebanon's population. It has been suggested that Ottoman-era persecution might have spurred them to leave for elsewhere in the region, though there is no record or evidence of any kind of large exodus. in north india, the community are known as ansari or . The factory was bought in the late 1960s by the Madhvani Group under the direction of Isma'ili entrepreneur Abdel-Hamid al-Fil after the Aga Khan personally brought the two into contact. Sunni Islam in Lebanon has a history of more than a millennium. In Lebanon, which shares a long border with conflict-ridden Syria, 92% of the public is worried about Islamic extremism, up 11 points from the already high figure of 81% in 2013. Nu bn mun chi l tng ngy hay nui lu di hn th ch cn click chn vo nhng ng link m chng ti phn loi theo tng mc trang ch sau ko xung l s thy c nhng con s m chuyn gia cht sn ri. Which Pakistani actress are Shia? Under the terms of an unwritten agreement known as the National Pact between the various political and religious leaders of Lebanon, Shias are the only sect eligible for the post of Speaker of Parliament. ansar originated from the medinan people who assisted the prophet mohammed as he moved from Mecca to Medina. In 1938, he built two schools, one for girls and another for boys, at his own expense. According to a CIA 2018 study, Lebanese Sunni Muslims constitute an estimated 30.6% of Lebanon's population. Yunus' deep rivalries with Fakhreddine eventually culminated in the Battle of Anjar in 1623, which ended with the confirmation of Yunus' other son, Ali, as the Bekaa's multezim. The jurisdiction of the Ottoman Empire was merely nominal in the Lebanon. [31] The 18th century French orientalist comte de Volney who visited Lebanon toward the late 1780s described Lebanese Shiites as a "distinct society",[32] and a 19th century British traveler observed that they were hated by Persians as Arabs, and by Turks and Arabs as Shiites, a predicament which was not shared by any other group.[31].
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