why was henry vii called the winter king

Edmund was created Earl of Richmond in 1452, and "formally declared legitimate by Parliament". This was accomplished through the targeted imposition of fines and bonds through extrajudicial councils. Old rivalries simmered, however. By subscribing you confirm that you have read and agree to the Privacy Policy [opens in new window] and the Terms & Conditions [opens in new window]. His history plays depicted the dramatic conflicts of the wars of the roses, which Henry's accession after his victory at Bosworth in 1485 brought to an end. Supported at one time or another by France, by Maximilian I of Austria, regent of the Netherlands (Holy Roman emperor from 1493), by James IV of Scotland, and by powerful men in both Ireland and England, Perkin three times invaded England before he was captured at Beaulieu in Hampshire in 1497. 1509. Henrys Chamber Accounts show payment to strangers and people across the sea, who appear to have been part of a network of spies and informers who kept an eye on potential troublemakers and alerted the King. Corrections? Thomas Penns Winter King in a brilliant mash-up of gothic horror and political biography. Henry restored power and stability to the English monarchy following the civil war. This book was way too focused on what happened, but not so much on the why or why it was important. For Henry VII, it was all about the money and stability. Since he was the second son, and not expected to become king, we know little of his childhood until the death of his older brother Arthur, Prince of Wales. Local gentry saw the office as one of local influence and prestige and were therefore willing to serve. For inheriting an unstable throne, holding it for 25 year and leaving England relatively stable, Henry VII deserves his own biography and a lot more credit. In my never-ending quest to read possibly every single published book on the Tudor monarchy, I spied this little gem a few weeks ago and picked it up. Luther gained support for his ideas and Europe became . Henry's mother, Margaret Beaufort, was a descendant of the Lancastrian branch of the House of Plantagenet. Shakespeare, drawn to the colour on either side of the reign, skipped it. They did as much to endanger his throne as to secure it. Henry the eighth was a renaissance King. Thomas More hailed the end of "slavery" and the return of "liberty", "the end of sadness, the beginning of joy". That is, suspicious, insecure and crafty but also determined, patient and fiercely proud of his Lancastrian ancestry. Thomas Mores coronation poem for Henry VIII contrasted the new Kings reign with the dark days of the past. Henry VII (28 January 1457 21 April 1509) was King of England from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death in 1509. Henry VII was king of England from 1485 to 1509. From his victory over Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth, to his secret death and the succession of his son Henry VIII, the film reveals the ruthless tactics . Yet Henry's techniques of power went beyond the needs of surveillance and survival. Shakespeare, drawn to the colour on either side of the reign, skipped it. The first rising, that of Lord Lovell, Richard IIIs chamberlain, in 1486 was ill-prepared and unimportant, but in 1487 came the much more serious revolt of Lambert Simnel. Today is Shrove Tuesday time for pancakes! [12], Henry lived in the Herbert household until 1469, when Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick (the "Kingmaker"), went over to the Lancastrians. No. His host was Francis, the Duke of Brittany, who saw Henry Tudor as a pawn in the game between Edward VI and the King of France. [19] He marched toward England accompanied by his uncle Jasper and John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford. He invited artists, musicians and scholars to live at his court. I'm beginning to wonder if all of the kings beginning with the conquest weren't a little off their rocker in some way. (ROYAL HISTORY) Directors Stuart Elliott Genres Documentary, International Subtitles English [CC] Audio languages English. He is credited with many administrative, economic and diplomatic initiatives. [81], Henry VII and Elizabeth had seven children:[b]. [79], Amiable and high-spirited, Henry was friendly if dignified in manner, and it was clear that he was extremely intelligent. He was the last king of England to win his throne on the field of battle. [citation needed], Henry honoured his pledge of December 1483 to marry Elizabeth of York and the wedding took place in 1486 at Westminster Abbey. Next month find out more on someone known as The Winter Queen! There are an awful lot of books written about the Tudor era, both fiction and non-fiction, so you have to ask whether this book adds anything new. Well written and really interesting about an often ignored king. Wolf Hall this is not. Why was Henry VII called the Winter King? Up to a point, he succeeded. He was crowned on October 30 and secured parliamentary recognition of his title early in November. Henry then consolidated his reign with magnificent architecture, an opulent household and money. [44] Following Henry VII's death, Henry VIII executed Richard Empson and Edmund Dudley, his two most hated tax collectors, on trumped-up charges of treason. Watch with Prime Henry VIII and the Break with Rome Timeline - History Henry VIII Books Exploring the Best Books on Englands Most Infamous King, 18 February 1516 The birth of Queen Mary I, daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). In 1497 Warbeck landed in Cornwall with a few thousand troops, but was soon captured and executed. Henry VIII - Tudor History Hence, the king was plagued with conspiracies until nearly the end of his reign. Fittingly he dressed in expensive black. Story's register still exists and, according to the 19th-century historian W.R.W. Henry VII is usually treated as a charmless and thrifty prelude to the big reign of Henry VIII, with the inevitable marriage of Henry and Catherine of Aragon, and the reversal of his father's bully policies for a golden age of chivalry and, you know, all the crazy shit Henry VIII was about to do. Henry VII: Winter King (TV Movie 2013) - IMDb [a] Henry's mother, Margaret Beaufort, was a descendant of the Lancastrian branch of the House of Plantagenet. He attained the throne when his forces, supported by France, Scotland, and Wales, defeated Edward IV's brother Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field, the culmination of the Wars of the Roses. [citation needed], However, his principal weapon was the Court of Star Chamber. By 1600 historians emphasised Henry's wisdom in drawing lessons in statecraft from other monarchs. The father's government was an exercise in discoloration. He married his brother's widow, Catherine of Aragon. [70] Henry VII falls among the minority of British monarchs that never had any known mistresses, and for the times, it is very unusual that he did not remarry: his son Henry was the only male heir left after the death of his wife, thus the death of Arthur created a precarious political position for the House of Tudor. Loyalty was ensured, and the nobility was effectively neuteredand Henry became the richest monarch in Europe. Henry VIII, (born June 28, 1491, Greenwich, near London, Englanddied January 28, 1547, London), king of England (1509-47) who presided over the beginnings of the English Renaissance and the English Reformation. Claiming to be Edward, earl of Warwick, the son of Richard IIIs elder brother, George, duke of Clarence, he had the formidable support of John de la Pole, earl of Lincoln, Richard IIIs heir designate, of many Irish chieftains, and of 2,000 German mercenaries paid for by Margaret of Burgundy. Musings on History - Henry VII - Learn for Pleasure Penn ended the programme by visiting the tombs of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York in Henrys chapel at Westminster Abbey, a chapel that remains at the heart of political life. To be notified of special offers, news, new courses, and new tutors, please subscribe to our newsletter. Unfortunately, since all I really wanted to know about was learning about Henry the 7th and his family as people - the things that happened to them, what kind of people they were, etc. Reading this, I got a much better understanding of where Henry VIII came from, and why he was destined to be the colorful ruler he became, as an antidote to his own father. Reasonably interesting overview of the reign of Henry VII of England. Henry VII The Winter King is also the title of a book by Thomas Penn, and a useful read. Serious disputes involving the use of personal power, or threats to royal authority, were thus dealt with. Read all Directors Giulia Clark Stuart Elliott Writers [43] According to the contemporary historian Polydore Vergil, simple "greed" underscored the means by which royal control was over-asserted in Henry's final years. Gaunt's nephew Richard II legitimised Gaunt's children by Swynford by Letters Patent in 1397. When Henry VIII Wrestled the King of Franceand Lost However, King Henry the VIII was much more self-centered as most of his spending was inappropriate and did not benefit England much. I was disappointed by this it was decent but I think it was somewhat overhyped. Shakespeare later turned to Henry's son and successor Henry VIII, whose rule brought marital sensation, renaissance spectacle and the reformation. Penn pointed out that for over half a century no king had passed on the crown without turmoil and Henry knew that what had happened to Richard could happen to him. By this marriage, Henry VII hoped to break the Auld Alliance between Scotland and France. [46] In 1506 he resumed the construction of King's College Chapel, Cambridge, started under Henry VI, guaranteeing finances which would continue even after his death. They were also in charge of various administrative duties, such as the checking of weights and measures. Henry VII's reign has yielded an evocative study, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, ILLUSTRATION: CLIFFORD HARPER/AGRAPHIA.CO.UK. Henry marries Catherine of Aragon. Why is Henry VIII's Tomb So Small When His Life Was So Very Opulent? He paid very close attention to detail, and instead of spending lavishly he concentrated on raising new revenues. Hidden under the floor in St George's Chapel in Windsor, England where thousands of people walk every day, a forgotten tomb lies. Penn explained that the marriage had been one of genuine love and that Henry was shattered by his wifes death. Henry VII (28 January 1457 - 21 April 1509) was King of England from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death in 1509. He had finished his palace of Richmond, he was controlling his allies and keeping an eye on his enemies, and now was the time to finalise the marriage agreement between England and Spain. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. [35] In 1499, Henry had the Earl of Warwick executed. Stephens, "affords some illustrations of the avaricious and parsimonious character of the king". By 1500, Henry felt safer and things were looking good. Henry Tudor, named after his father, Henry VII, was born by Elizabeth of York June 28, 1491 in Greenwich Palace. In 1485 Henry landed at Milford Haven in Wales and advanced toward London. Henry VII is actually a less familiar figure, despite being the same person. (1): (April 24, 1883. Henry VII, grown rich from Morton's Fork and other squeezes, was far from a bumpkin trying to break into the royal circles of western Europe--he was being courted, and he knew very well to play Castile (Hapsburg) and Aragon off against one another after Isabella died (and Catherine might very well have been packed off home to marry someone else, it was common). He spent his entire reign fixated on eliminating or disarming his enemies, and stabilizing England after the bloody, seemingly endless War of the Roses. But Henry had a crucial asset: his queen and their children, the living embodiment of his hoped-for dynasty. But now, sensitivity readers are pushing back . More than a biography of Henry VII, this book is really a highly detailed history of the last ten years of his reign, and how he meticulously and ruthlessly turned England into a police state ruled by what amounted to an organized crime syndicate. When he died, his only surviving son, Henry VIII, succeeded him without a breath of opposition. [24][17][25] He was 29 years old, she was 20. 24th April 2023 - courses open for registrations. With the assistance of the Italian merchant banker Lodovico della Fava and the Italian banker Girolamo Frescobaldi, Henry VII became deeply involved in the trade by licensing ships, obtaining alum from the Ottoman Empire, and selling it to the Low Countries and in England. As his mother was only 14 when he was born and soon married again, Henry was brought up by his uncle Jasper Tudor, earl of Pembroke. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. His biographer, Professor Chrimes, credits him even before he had become king with "a high degree of personal magnetism, ability to inspire confidence, and a growing reputation for shrewd decisiveness". If Penn's interpretation can sometimes seem slanted, its exposition would be hard to over-praise. Anne Boleyn | Biography, Children, Portrait, Death, & Facts - Britannica You can find out more on the conflicts between England and France, the Wars of the Roses and also the Tudors in our history courses. Thomas Penn's Winter King is not really a biography of Henry VII, and more a study of what he was directing his government to do in his name. In 1501, England had been ravaged for decades by conspiracy, coups . Penn's picture of a reign of terror carries disturbing echoes of the Roman historian Tacitus's account of the emperor Tiberius, another ruler whose abridgements of liberty followed an era of civil strife. Having seen it pop up in a lot of papers' Books of the Year lists, I think I was expecting something altogether more gripping and dramatic, but in the end I thought the story of Henry VII and the Tudor succession was just not an especially thrilling tale. Claiming the throne by just title of inheritance and by the judgment of God in battle, he was crowned on October 30 and secured parliamentary recognition of his title early in November. It's difficult to get a handle on Henry VII. this was well-written and i love henry vii for how he managed to a) get the throne of england and b) keep it and make the crown so solvent after the devastating years of the Wars of the Roses, but i can't help but think that a lot of this was rather dry. He was the founder of the Tudor dynasty, and his marriage to Elizabeth Woodville brought together the too sides that were facing off during the Wars of the Roses (the Lancasters and the Yorks) basically uniting the two houses into a single family. Blair Worden's The English Civil Wars is published by Phoenix. [4] Owen is said to have secretly married the widow of Henry V, Catherine of Valois. Since we are in the middle of winter, Ive been thinking of a volume on my shelves on Henry VII, who could be called the Winter King. Herbert was captured fighting for the Yorkists and executed by Warwick. Henry VIII - Loss of popularity | Britannica - Encyclopedia Britannica The Great Debasement (1544-1551) was a currency debasement policy introduced in 1544 England under the order of Henry VIII which saw the amount of precious metal in gold and silver coins reduced and in some cases replaced entirely with cheaper base metals such as copper. Thank you for subscribing. 4. How like a winter hath my absence been From thee, the pleasure of the fleeting year! In 1622 Francis Bacon published his History of the Reign of King Henry VII. Indeed he was born in winter, on January 28th 1457, in Pembroke Castle, in Wales and that is one of the reasons why the Welsh dragon always formed part of his insignia. : (April 25, 1883. Through this, he found that his Lord Chamberlain, Sir William Stanley, was involved in the plot. Their powers and numbers steadily increased during the time of the Tudors, never more so than under Henry's reign. It was no easy feat. Henry himself was clearly a distant figure who governed through his ministers, but this means that it's quite hard to get much of a sense of his character from the few sources available. Here was a young man who enjoyed jousting, who enjoyed chatting with the other knights in the tiltyard and with people of low degree. He spent money lavishly, held big parties. During his 23-year reign, Henry had only two Lord High Treasurers, and this continuity helped provide stability. Seriously, got nudged by my partner when I'd nodded off. The Field of Cloth of Gold: Royal Revelry. All the powers of Europe doubted Henrys ability to survive, and most were willing to shelter claimants against him. Henrys throne, however, was far from secure. It was 1501. Henry VII. The Winter King HD - YouTube [42], The capriciousness and lack of due process that indebted many would tarnish his legacy and were soon ended upon Henry VII's death, after a commission revealed widespread abuses. Henry VII: Winter King was aired last night on BBC2 and was the latest programme in BBC2s Tudor Court Season. The portly Henry VIII, and the ill-fated destinies of most of his six wives, is one of the first historical figures primary-aged pupils are aware of.. [28], Henry had Parliament repeal Titulus Regius, the statute that declared Edward IV's marriage invalid and his children illegitimate, thus legitimising his wife. [citation needed], In 1502, Henry VII's life took a difficult and personal turn in which many people he was close to died in quick succession. Poor Henry VII. Penn showed a genealogical roll that had belonged to the de la Pole family which showed Henry VI being the end of the Lancastrian line and the Yorkist line continuing on to Richard III. In many ways, it highlights that Henry VIII was a feckless inheritor of the tools of Machiavellian power, but had no idea to what productive end to put them. [37], For most of Henry VII's reign Edward Story was Bishop of Chichester. [citation needed] Nonetheless, by 1483 Henry was the senior male Lancastrian claimant remaining after the deaths in battle, by murder or execution of Henry VI (son of Henry V and Catherine of Valois), his son Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales, and the other Beaufort line of descent through Lady Margaret's uncle, Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset. An ally of Henry's, Viscount Jean du Qulennec[fr], soon arrived, bringing news that Francis had recovered, and in the confusion Henry was able to flee to a monastery. Overspending by Henry VIII to pay for his lavish lifestyle and to fund foreign wars with France and Scotland are cited as . If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. $14.97 1 Used from $14.96 3 New from $14.97. [30] Before departing for London, Henry sent Robert Willoughby to Sheriff Hutton in Yorkshire, to arrest Warwick and take him to the Tower of London. Rarely was a father's reign so widely disparaged and disowned on the accession of the son. Henry VII declared himself king by just title of inheritance and by the judgment of God in battle, after slaying Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485. [citation needed] The first was the 1486 rebellion of the Stafford brothers, abetted by Viscount Lovell, which collapsed without fighting. With the English economy heavily invested in wool production, Henry VII became involved in the alum trade in 1486. The Winter King is also the title of a book by Thomas Penn, and a useful read. There he claimed sanctuary until the envoys were forced to depart. An easy read? Their main aim was money. Henry VII introduced stability to the financial administration of England by keeping the same financial advisors throughout his reign. [72] Immediately afterwards, Henry became very sick and nearly died himself, allowing only his mother Margaret Beaufort near him: "privily departed to a solitary place, and would that no man should resort unto him. In response to this threat within his own household, the King instituted more rigid security for access to his person. Pembroke Castle, and later the Earldom of Pembroke, were granted to the Yorkist William Herbert, who also assumed the guardianship of Margaret Beaufort and the young Henry. The usurpation of Richard III (1483), however, split the Yorkist party and gave Henry his opportunity. The reigns of his three predecessors were interrupted or foreshortened. [67], Henry made half-hearted plans to remarry and beget more heirs, but these never came to anything. [9] He took it, as well as the standard of St. George, on his procession through London after the victory at Bosworth. While most of us are familiar with Henry VIII and Elizabeth I and we probably have a sense of the Wars of the Roses in England, but how many of us are familiar with Henry VII. He became paranoid and made the decision that if his people couldnt love him then they should fear him. The 17 year-old Prince Henry became King Henry VIII and started a different era. Prince Arthur was born just eight months after his parents marriage, at Winchester, the seat of King Arthurs Camelot. A man who rewrote history and rebuilt the crown, but who was paranoid, manipulative and suspicious; a dark prince with a wintery reign. When Henry VII called his first parliament he used it as an opportunity to legitimise his reign. In 1621 Francis Bacon's history of. [16] With money and supplies borrowed from his host, Francis II of Brittany, Henry tried to land in England, but his conspiracy unravelled resulting in the execution of his primary co-conspirator, Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham. While there, he feigned stomach cramps and delayed his departure long enough to miss the tides. His claim to the throne was precarious and was from an illegitimate line, a family who had been banned from taking the throne, so Henry needed to make the people believe that he was their rightful King and to do that he had to start behaving like one. Its inhabitant was once one of England's most exuberant kings, yet his resting place was only re-discovered in 1813. Wow, it was like being battered by facts without remission for good intentions. When Henry VII called his first parliament he used it as an opportunity to legitimise his reign. Elizabeth did get pregnant, but then went into premature labour. The parts on how he abused his position and the law to enrich himself while an entire nation watched helplessly are, frankly, pretty relevant to now. [3] Henry's paternal grandfather, Owen Tudor, originally from the Tudors of Penmynydd, Isle of Anglesey in Wales, had been a page in the court of King Henry V. He rose to become one of the "Squires to the Body to the King" after military service at the Battle of Agincourt. At the same time, Flemish merchants were ejected from England. Penn graphically describes a huge financial racket run by the king and his profiteering advisers. The king's own death seven years later had to be kept secret until his nervous entourage had ensured the succession. Elizabeth of York (11 February 1466 11 February 1503) was Queen of England from her marriage to King Henry VII on 18 January 1486 until her death. Luther made a protest against the Catholic practice of Indulgences. Shakespeare later turned to Henry's son and successor Henry VIII, whose rule brought marital sensation, renaissance spectacle and the reformation. Before Henry VIII, English kings were addressed as "Your Grace" or "Your Highness.". Richard III's death at Bosworth Field effectively ended the Wars of the Roses. Henry was building a myth, the idea that he and his family were the true royal blood of England. Why is this ambitious? So 4 stars. I thought the book was well written, even though a bit dry is spots. Why did the nobility accept the curtailment of the military power it had wielded in the wars of the roses and swallow the elevation of upstarts at Henry's court? The new prince was the embodiment of the red and white rose, he was the Tudor rose incarnate. For other uses, see, Henry holding a rose and wearing the collar of the, Law enforcement and justices of the peace, the 1486 rebellion of the Stafford brothers, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Cultural depictions of Henry VII of England, "Tudor Pembroke | Ymddiriedolaeth Harri Tudur | Henry Tudor Trust", "BBC Wales History Themes Pembroke The Main Street", "Westminster Abbey website: Coronations, Henry VII and Elizabeth of York", "Calendar of State Papers, Spain: Supplement To Volumes 1 and 2, Queen Katherine; Intended Marriage of King Henry VII To Queen Juana", "Domestic and foreign policy of Henry VII", "Queen Margaret's Arch | York Civic Trust", "Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond", The Reign of Henry VII. Henry then cemented his claim to the throne and his dynastic ambitions by marrying Elizabeth of York and bringing the Houses of Lancaster and York together; the red rose and white rose combined to become the Tudor rose. I have to admit to being a history geek. Henry responded to this threat by embedding spies into households. All the information is from Thomas Penn. The 6 Main Achievements of Henry VII | History Hit He was, said Penn, a man who never knew a moments peace during his reign. Letters to relatives have an affectionate tone not captured by official state business, as evidenced by many written to his mother Margaret. [40], Henry VII improved tax collection in the realm by introducing ruthlessly efficient mechanisms of taxation. It took Henry, who in any case needed to marry her if the expected issue was to solve the succession problem, some six years to achieve their joint purpose. [50] Henry had pressured the French by laying siege to Boulogne in October 1492. She was a great-granddaughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (fourth son of Edward III), and his third wife Katherine Swynford. In the late 20th century a model of European state formation was prominent in which Henry less resembles Louis and Ferdinand. Henry had only been accepted as King because the Princes in the Tower, the sons of Edward IV, were dead, so when Yorkist exiles groomed Perkin Warbeck to pose as one of the princes and raised an army it was a huge threat. Henry's father, Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond, a half-brother of Henry VI of England and a member of the Welsh Tudors of Penmynydd, died three months before his son Henry was born.

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